Ingles 9

PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION We can use modal verbs to talk about how sure or unsure we are about something in the past just as we use modals in the present with a slight change in the form. He must be really happy about his promotion. (present deduction) He must have been very happy when he was told about his promotion. (past deduction) When we use a modal verb to talk about a situation where we are not expressing a fact but we are using deduction the form is  MODAL + have + past participle  (verb 3) Must have + past participle We use ‘must have + past participle’ when we are quite sure about something. You must have been very pleased when you received the results of your exams. He must have forgotten his phone at home again. He’s not answering. I must have left my keys in the car. I can’t find them. Might have/may have/could have + past participle We use ‘might have/may have/could have + past participle’ when we are not sure about something but we think i...

EXPRESSING ABILITY I will focus on the most commonly used modals for ability and the most typical mistakes. While the present forms are simple, the past forms have particular rules which must be followed. The most important rules relate to general ability and specific ability. General ability means that a person had the ability to do something at all times and in all situations. Specific ability means that the person had the ability to do something in a specific situation or at a specific time. Forms in this Article Can, could, be able to, and managed to. Present Is/am/are able to + main verb Thomas is able to play the piano. Catherine is not able to play the piano. Can + main verb Catherine can play the flute. Thomas can’t play the flute. Both of these forms may be used, in positive or negative, for general or specific ability. Past Was/ were able to + main verb Thomas was able to play the piano when he was a boy. Catherine w...

EXAMPLES OF GERUNDS IN ENGLISH (GERUNDS) TRANSLATED:   Answering (Respondiendo)   Appearing (Apareciendo)   Attaching (Colocando)   Baking (Horneando)   Becoming (deviniendo, llegando a ser)   Beginning (comenzando)   Being (siendo)   Belonging (perteneciendo)   Blowing (soplando)   Breeding (criando)   Building (construyendo)   Buying (comprando)   Calling (Llamando)   Carrying (llevando)   Chaining (encadenando)   Changing (cambiando)   Checking (revisando)   Cheering (aplaudiendo)   Choosing (escogiendo)   Combining (Combinando)   Communicating (comunicando)   Connecting (conectando)   Creating (creando)   Cutting (cortando)   Decorating (decorando)   Depending (dependiendo)   Diving (buceando)   Doing (haciendo)   Drawing (dibujando)   Driving...

VERB + gerund The English "gerund" is used regularly after many verbs. The most relevant are listed below. All who can follow the names in the place of "gerunds". Remember that the "gerund" always functions as a noun in the sentence. Some of these verbs may be the subject of a proposal introduced by "that". Verbs whose use requires complementary explanations. FOLLOWED NAMES OF NAMES The "GERUNDS" avoid celebrate consider contemplate defer delay detest dislike dread enjoy entail escape excuse finish forgive involve keep loathe mind miss pardon postpone prevent resent resist risk save stop     Example I avoid going  to the dentist. I avoid  chocolate. I miss taking  walks in ...

GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS 1.  Gerund  after prepositions that stand alone after After  hav ing  a shower, I waited for Steven. before The tablet must not be taken before  gett ing  up in the morning. by I manage it by  work ing  much longer than 40-hour weeks. in spite of In spite of  study ing  a lot he didn't pass the exams. on What was her reaction on  hear ing  the news? without He told the joke without  laugh ing . 2.  Gerund  after Adjective + Preposition afraid of They are afraid of  los ing  the match. angry about/at Pat is angry about  walk ing  in the rain. bad at/good at John is good at  work ing  in the garden. clever at He is clever at  skateboard ing . crazy about The girl is crazy about  play ing  tennis. disappointed about/at He is disappointed about...