Ingles 9

Connectors of addition / cause and effect Sentence connectors  improve your writing. They add variety and sophistication to your style of writing. In this lesson we will learn about words and expressions used to show cause and effect. In English, we use several different words to show cause and effect.  Examples are:  for, because, as, since, therefore, hence, as a result, consequently, due to, because of, as a result of etc. He must be asleep  for   t here is no light in his room. I decided to call it a day –  for  I was feeling tired. I helped him  because  I liked him. Since  he had not paid the rent, he was told to vacate the room. As  it is raining again, we will have to stay at home. It was raining,  so  we stayed at home. Notes So  shows the effect.  As, since  and  because   show the cause. Compare: As  he hasn’t arrived yet, we will have to go...

Verb + gerund / infinitive with a change in meaning After certain verbs we use the -ing form, and after other verbs we use the infinitive. Sometimes we can use either form and there is no change in meaning. Occasionally we can use either form and there is a change in meaning So what’s the rule for whether we use the -ing form or the infinitive? Sorry, there isn’t a rule. You have to learn which verbs go with which pattern. The verbs followed by  -ing include enjoy, mind, stop and recommend. I told him you really  enjoy cooking. Would you  mind helping  me? It didn't  stop raining  all day yesterday. Daisy  recommends trying  Alfie’s tiramisu. The negative is verb + not + -ing. Imagine not having  pizza! I eat it all the time. Verbs usually followed by -ing stop     finish   ...

PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION We can use modal verbs to talk about how sure or unsure we are about something in the past just as we use modals in the present with a slight change in the form. He must be really happy about his promotion. (present deduction) He must have been very happy when he was told about his promotion. (past deduction) When we use a modal verb to talk about a situation where we are not expressing a fact but we are using deduction the form is  MODAL + have + past participle  (verb 3) Must have + past participle We use ‘must have + past participle’ when we are quite sure about something. You must have been very pleased when you received the results of your exams. He must have forgotten his phone at home again. He’s not answering. I must have left my keys in the car. I can’t find them. Might have/may have/could have + past participle We use ‘might have/may have/could have + past participle’ when we are not sure about something but we think i...

EXPRESSING ABILITY I will focus on the most commonly used modals for ability and the most typical mistakes. While the present forms are simple, the past forms have particular rules which must be followed. The most important rules relate to general ability and specific ability. General ability means that a person had the ability to do something at all times and in all situations. Specific ability means that the person had the ability to do something in a specific situation or at a specific time. Forms in this Article Can, could, be able to, and managed to. Present Is/am/are able to + main verb Thomas is able to play the piano. Catherine is not able to play the piano. Can + main verb Catherine can play the flute. Thomas can’t play the flute. Both of these forms may be used, in positive or negative, for general or specific ability. Past Was/ were able to + main verb Thomas was able to play the piano when he was a boy. Catherine w...

EXAMPLES OF GERUNDS IN ENGLISH (GERUNDS) TRANSLATED:   Answering (Respondiendo)   Appearing (Apareciendo)   Attaching (Colocando)   Baking (Horneando)   Becoming (deviniendo, llegando a ser)   Beginning (comenzando)   Being (siendo)   Belonging (perteneciendo)   Blowing (soplando)   Breeding (criando)   Building (construyendo)   Buying (comprando)   Calling (Llamando)   Carrying (llevando)   Chaining (encadenando)   Changing (cambiando)   Checking (revisando)   Cheering (aplaudiendo)   Choosing (escogiendo)   Combining (Combinando)   Communicating (comunicando)   Connecting (conectando)   Creating (creando)   Cutting (cortando)   Decorating (decorando)   Depending (dependiendo)   Diving (buceando)   Doing (haciendo)   Drawing (dibujando)   Driving...

VERB + gerund The English "gerund" is used regularly after many verbs. The most relevant are listed below. All who can follow the names in the place of "gerunds". Remember that the "gerund" always functions as a noun in the sentence. Some of these verbs may be the subject of a proposal introduced by "that". Verbs whose use requires complementary explanations. FOLLOWED NAMES OF NAMES The "GERUNDS" avoid celebrate consider contemplate defer delay detest dislike dread enjoy entail escape excuse finish forgive involve keep loathe mind miss pardon postpone prevent resent resist risk save stop     Example I avoid going  to the dentist. I avoid  chocolate. I miss taking  walks in ...